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Margaret Mary Beckett (née Jackson) (born 15 January 1943) is a British Labour Party politician who is currently Member of Parliament (MP) for Derby South and, since May 6, 2006, the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. She is the first woman to hold this position in the British Cabinet and only the second woman to hold one of the four Great Offices of State. She was also the second woman to serve as leader of a major British political party - she was leader of the Labour Party after the sudden death of John Smith in 1994 until the election of Tony Blair later the same year.
She was born in 1943, in Ashton-under-Lyne, into a working-class family. Her father was an English carpenter and her mother an Irish Roman Catholic. Her sister is a Catholic nun. She was educated at the Notre Dame High School for Girls (a state-school in Norwich), the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, where she qualified as a metallurgist, and the John Dalton Polytechnic, now Manchester Metropolitan University.
In 1961, Beckett joined Associated Electrical Industries as a student apprentice in metallurgy. She joined the Transport and General Workers Union in 1964 and remains a member to this day. She joined the University of Manchester in 1966 as an experiment officer in its metallurgy department. In 1970 Beckett went to work for the Labour Party as a researcher in industrial policy.
She married party official Lionel "Leo" Beckett in Lincoln in 1979. Leo works as Beckett's agent and aide, travelling with her and working in her private office. The couple are a close political and professional team [1]. They have no children.
Beckett and her husband enjoy caravan holidays and have continued to do so throughout her political career [2]. She was asked to give up holidays in her Bailey Pageant Champagne in 2006 in light of security concerns.[3]
In 1973, she was selected as Labour candidate for Lincoln, which the party wanted to win back from dissident ex-Labour MP Dick Taverne. Beckett lost to Taverne at the February 1974 General Election by 1,297 votes. After the election she went to work as a researcher for Judith Hart, the Minister for Overseas Development at the Foreign Office. Harold Wilson called another general election in October 1974, and Beckett again went to fight Taverne at Lincoln in the October 1974 General Election. This time Beckett was elected, by just 984 votes.
Almost immediately after her election she was appointed as Judith Hart's Parliamentary Private Secretary. Harold Wilson made her a Whip in 1975, and she was promoted in 1976 by James Callaghan to Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Education and Science, replacing Joan Lestor, who had resigned in protest over spending cuts. She remained in that position until she lost her seat at the 1979 General Election. The Conservative candidate Kenneth Carlisle narrowly won the seat with a 602 vote majority, the first time the Conservatives had won at Lincoln since 1935.
She joined Granada Television in 1979 as a researcher. Out of Parliament, and now Margaret Beckett, she won election to Labour's National Executive Committee in 1980, and supported left-winger Tony Benn for the Labour deputy leadership in 1981 against Denis Healey. She was the subject of a vociferous attack from Joan Lestor at the conference.
Beckett was chosen to fight the parliamentary seat of Derby South after the retirement of the sitting MP, Walter Johnson. At the 1983 General Election she won the seat only very narrowly, with the Labour majority down to 421. During her time in Parliament, she has continued to live in the constituency, in one of the poorer areas of Derby, next door to a public house and in an area dominated by council housing. She continues to support local co-operatives.
Returning to the House of Commons, Margaret Beckett gradually moved away from the hard left, supporting incumbent leader Neil Kinnock against Benn in 1988. By this time she was a front bencher, as a spokesperson on Social Security since 1984, becoming a member of the Shadow Cabinet in 1989 as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury. After the 1992 General Election she was elected Deputy Leader of the Labour Party and served under John Smith as Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. She became a Member of the Privy Council in 1993. She is the first and so far only woman to have been deputy leader of the Labour Party.
Following the sudden death of John Smith from a heart attack on May 12, 1994, Margaret Beckett became Labour leader, the Party's constitution providing for the automatic succession of the Deputy Leader for the remainder of the leadership term, upon the death or resignation of an incumbent leader. Labour leaders are subject to annual re-election at the time of the annual party conference. Accordingly, Beckett was constitutionally entitled to remain in office as leader until the 1994 Conference, but the party's National Executive Committee (NEC) decided to bring forward the election for Leader and Deputy Leader to July 1994.
During this brief period, Beckett was not "acting" or "caretaker" leader, as is widely recorded[4][5]; under the Labour party constitution she was technically a full leader of the party [6], despite this apparently common misconception.[7].
She came third in the subsequent leadership election, behind Tony Blair and John Prescott. The Deputy Leadership was contested at the same time; Beckett, standing in this election as well, was defeated, coming second behind Prescott. Beckett's tenure makes her the only woman to have led the Labour Party in its history to date.
Under Tony Blair's leadership, Margaret Beckett was the Shadow Secretary of State for Health, and then from 1995 the shadow President of the Board of Trade. She was one of the leading critics of the government when the Scott Report published its findings into the Arms-to-Iraq scandal in 1996.
The Labour party won a landslide victory in the 1997 General Election and despite her connections to the old left of the party and the trade union movement, with which Tony Blair has an uneasy relationship, Margaret Beckett has held a number of important positions in the Blair government. As of March 2007, she is the last remaining minister to have experience in the Labour governments of Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. She is also one of five remaining members of the original 1997 Labour cabinet, and one of the longest-serving Labour frontbenchers. She has held the offices of:
Following the 1997 election, she entered Tony Blair's government as the President of the Board of Trade (a position the title of which would later revert to Secretary of State for Trade and Industry). She was succeeded by Peter Mandelson in July 1998. She was the first woman to have held this post.
She was Leader of the House of Commons from 1998 until her replacement by Robin Cook in June 2001. Her tenure saw the introduction of a second debating chamber for the House of Commons, Westminster Hall. Debates that take place in Westminster Hall are often more consensual and informal, and can address the concerns of backbenchers. She received admiration for her work as Leader of the House [8], working on this and a number of other elements of the Labour government's modernisation agenda for Parliament.
After the 2001 General Election, Beckett became Secretary of State at the new Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, created after the old Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food was abolished in the wake of perceived mismanagement of the foot and mouth disease epidemic in 2001. The new department also incorporated some of the functions of the former Department for Transport, Environment and the Regions (DETR), and was known by its initials, "DEFRA". She held the position of Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs until May 2006, when she was succeeded by David Miliband. Beckett would be on the front line of the government's efforts to tackle climate change, and attended international conferences on the matter. Towards the end of her time at DEFRA there was a crisis within the Rural Payments Agency, which failed to make statutory payments to farmers whose livestock had been affected by BSE and TB; the crisis generated some political pressure on Beckett and the then Farming minister Lord Bach.
During her tenure at DEFRA Beckett was re-elected to Parliament for Derby South at the 2005 general election, with a reduced majority.
In a report published on 29 March 2007 by a Parliamentary select committee, she was strongly criticised and called upon to resign as Foreign Secretary for her role, as the previous Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, in the 2006 mismanagement of EU farm subsidies (which cost the British Government up to £500 million in EU fines). [9]
Following the 2006 local elections, Tony Blair appointed Margaret Beckett Foreign Secretary, becoming the first woman to hold the post, and only the second to hold one of the great offices of state (after Margaret Thatcher). Beckett's appointment came as something of a surprise, both to the media and to Beckett herself. She admitted reacting to the news with a four-letter word.[10]
Some commentators claim that she was promoted to Foreign Secretary because she is considered to be a 'safe pair of hands' and a loyal member of the Cabinet.[11][12] Her experience at Defra in dealing with international climate change issues has also been cited as a factor in the move.
Margaret Beckett had to adapt quickly to her diplomatic role and within a few hours of her appointment as Foreign Secretary she flew to the United Nations in New York for an urgent meeting of foreign ministers to discuss the Iran nuclear weapons crisis. About a month later, Beckett came under fire for not responding quickly enough to the 2006 Lebanon war, which saw Israel start to invade the country, although some reports suggested that the delay was caused by Cabinet division rather than Mrs Beckett's reluctance to make a public statement on the matter.[13]
Beckett is understood to delegate European issues to the Foreign Office minister responsible for Europe, Geoff Hoon who, following his demotion as Defence Secretary, continues to attend Cabinet meetings. Hoon and Beckett are said to have a difficult ministerial relationship.[14][15]
As Foreign Secretary, Beckett has come in for some trenchant criticism. According to the Times, she does not stand up well in comparison with the previous Foreign Secretary, Jack Straw.[16] The Spectator recently described her as, "at heart, an old, isolationist, pacifist Leftist" and has called on her to resign,[17] and the New Statesman has accused her of allowing the Foreign Office to become 'subservient' to 10 Downing Street after the tenures of Jack Straw and Robin Cook.[18]
In August 2006, 37 Labour Party members in her Derby South constituency left the party and joined the Liberal Democrats, criticising her approach to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.[19]
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